Treatment of bronchitis in adults: drugs

Bronchitis is an inflammatory process that is localized in the bronchial mucosa.

The pathology is accompanied by increased secretion formation and swelling of the bronchial wall, which leads to disruption of air delivery to the lungs, and this in severe cases can cause the development of ventilation respiratory failure.

Treatment of bronchitis in adults directly depends on the etiology of the disease.

1. Classification of bronchitis
2. Chronic and acute bronchitis: differences
3. Treatment of viral bronchitis
4. Treatment of bacterial bronchitis
5. Treatment of fungal bronchitis
6. Treatment of allergic bronchitis
7. Combination drugs for bronchitis
8. The effectiveness of treating bronchitis
9. Prevention of complications in the treatment of bronchitis
10. The main consequences of bronchitis
11. Indications for hospitalization
12. Non-drug treatments for bronchitis
13. Inhalations for bronchitis
14. Prognosis for bronchitis

Classification of bronchitis

Types depending on etiology.

1. Viral bronchitis. In this case, the disease is usually caused by parainfluenza and influenza viruses, as well as rhinoviruses and adenoviruses.
2. Bacterial bronchitis. It is caused by bacteria such as streptococci and pneumococci, and less commonly by Haemophilus influenzae.
3. Bronchitis caused by fungi.
4. Allergic bronchitis. The cause of this type is the repeated entry of an allergen into the body. Possible allergens include inhaled medications, pollen, house dust, certain foods, etc.

Depending on the severity, bronchitis is distinguished:

• mild;
• moderate;
• severe.

ICD-10 distinguishes 2 forms of bronchitis:

1. Acute bronchitis, which is characterized by an acute inflammatory process with a pronounced exudative stage.
2. Chronic bronchitis, in which the processes of alteration (that is, damage) and exudation occur simultaneously with proliferation. With this option, the secretory apparatus undergoes restructuring.

Classification

To choose the most effective treatment, you first need to understand the characteristics of the course of this disease. Firstly, like most other chronic pathologies, bronchitis has phases of exacerbation and remission. And, naturally, the therapeutic methods for each of them have significant differences. Secondly, according to the nature of inflammation, it is of two types:

• Catarrhal. The exacerbation phase does not have clear pathological signs, that is, intoxication of the body is insignificant or absent. When you cough, you may produce sputum, often of a mucous consistency.
• Purulent. The sputum is purulent in nature, not only in the acute period, but sometimes on an ongoing basis.

Narrowing of the lumen of the bronchi in chronic lung disease.
Chronic bronchitis is also distinguished by changes in the respiratory system:

• Non-obstructive. The process of air entering the respiratory tract is not disrupted.
• Obstructive. Pathological disorders occurred, leading to difficulty breathing of varying degrees of severity.

Acute bronchitis is strikingly different from chronic bronchitis in many respects. Among the key features of the latter, one can highlight its progressive nature, which over time leads to various lesions of the bronchial tree, often irreversible. In addition, there is a violation of the secretory and protective functions of the bronchi.

Chronic and acute bronchitis: features and differences

Signs of bronchitis in an adult depend on the type of disease. First of all, a dry and obsessive cough is characteristic, which bothers patients especially in the first days of the disease. Often the cough reflex causes sleep disturbance, and in some cases, when it is most intense, it can lead to vomiting.

After a few days, the dry cough gives way to a wet cough, which is accompanied by sputum production. Viral bronchitis is characterized by clear sputum, however, the addition of a bacterial infection is more often observed.

In this case, the sputum has a yellowish or white-green tint. A wet cough is also called a productive cough. It is this that is an indicator of recovery, since the separation of sputum helps to cleanse the respiratory tract.

Typically, the cough lasts about 1 or 2 weeks, but in some cases it can last longer. If it bothers you for more than 3 weeks, there is a risk of the disease becoming chronic. In addition to coughing, an increase in temperature is noted; indicators may vary and depend on the severity of the process.

General malaise, weakness and headaches are often observed. With proper treatment of bronchitis in adults, the prognosis is favorable.

Chronic bronchitis develops, as a rule, with improper treatment or a decrease in the body's defenses. The main manifestation of this disease is a chronic cough, which is especially intense in the morning.

The cough is muffled and deep. An increase in temperature is usually not observed. Characterized by periodic exacerbations, which occur especially often during the cold season.

Obstructive bronchitis

In some cases, abundant secretion and severe swelling lead to bronchial obstruction and the development of a form such as obstructive bronchitis. This phenomenon leads to shortness of breath.

In the early stage, the obstruction is reversible, however, with severe long-term chronic bronchitis, deformation of the bronchial wall develops, which is an irreversible change. Symptoms of bronchitis in an adult are usually more intense.

Medications for bronchitis

Doctors say that 1/5 of adults suffer acute bronchitis during an exacerbation of ARVI and influenza. This disease is quite common, everyone is more or less aware of its symptoms. Some people, having discovered a dry deep cough, shortness of breath, and fever, neglect to see a doctor and go to the pharmacy to purchase drugs that they, their relatives, and neighbors once used to treat bronchitis. And, for some reason, some people wonder why their bronchitis does not go away even after 14-21 days, while others, even worse, end up in the hospital with pneumonia. Everything is clear here: drug treatment of acute bronchitis should be carried out only after a medical examination, strictly on the recommendation of a doctor. To recover, you need not only to “heal” the symptoms of the disease, but also to find and eliminate the reason why the bronchial mucosa is inflamed.

Treatment of viral bronchitis

Therapy is carried out on an outpatient basis. It is recommended to combine medicinal methods with plenty of drinking and inhalation.

Hospitalization is required only in cases where there is severe respiratory failure. It is necessary to treat such bronchitis based on the use of antiviral drugs.

Drug groups

1. Antiviral agents. The effect of such drugs is observed in the first 1-2 days after the onset of clinical manifestations. Examples of drugs: remantadine. It is also possible to prescribe interferon and intramuscularly administer anti-influenza Ig (usually no more than 4-8 ml are prescribed, which are administered in 1 or 2 doses).
2. Expectorants that help improve sputum production. They can be combined with plant decoctions, alkaline inhalations and plenty of drinking. Examples of drugs: bromhexine, bronchicum, ambroxol.
3. Antitussive drugs that are prescribed to drink when the cough reflex is overly pronounced. It is not recommended to use such drugs for a long time, since inadequate suppression of the cough reflex leads to stagnation of sputum and, therefore, increases the duration of treatment. Examples of drugs: libexin, glaucine, tusuprex.
4. Bronchodilators. When diagnosing obstructive bronchitis, inhalations from a metering can can be prescribed - for example: ipratropium bromide (3-4 times a day).
5. Anti-inflammatory drugs and antipyretics. Examples of drugs: ibuprofen, acetylsalicylic acid. You can also use combination drugs such as Coldrex, antigrippin or Fervex.
6. Vitamins that will help activate the vital forces of the body and speed up recovery. You should drink them regularly - in a course.

Possible complications in the treatment of bronchitis

Remantadine:

• diarrhea;
• allergic reaction;
• drowsiness and impaired attention;
• noise in ears.

Expectorants:

• dizziness and headache;
• nausea and vomiting;
• allergic reaction;
• dyspnea.

Antitussives: impaired sputum production.

Combined drugs (Coldrex, etc.):

• allergic reaction;
• hypertension due to phenylephrine is rare.

Drugs for dilation of bronchi

Fenoterol-Nativ

The drug is used only in inhalation form. Before starting therapy, the drug solution should be diluted in sodium chloride; for this, a 9% substance is used. Taking into account the severity of the disease, patients are prescribed from 10 to 20 drops per procedure, which is equal to 0.5-1 ml of the active substance. The procedure is repeated up to four times a day. The last session should be done no later than three hours before going to bed, so as not to intensify the night cough. The duration of therapy is strictly as directed by the doctor.

Theotard

Theotard extended release capsules

The medicine is produced in the form of capsules, which are prohibited from chewing or dividing. Before using the first dosage, you should first determine the exact level of theophylline in the blood serum to avoid side effects. In the first three days of therapy, the patient takes one Theotard capsule in the morning and evening. You should consult your physician about the need for further use of the drug. If for some reason an adult does not tolerate the high dose well, it can be reduced to one capsule per day.

Teopek

Teopek drug

A modern second-generation drug that is relatively well tolerated at any age. The duration of therapy should be determined only by the attending physician. Teopek is available in tablet form, which should be taken immediately after meals. In this case, the medicine is strictly prohibited from being divided or chewed. The maximum single dose of Teopek is 300 mg of the active ingredient.

Attention! The use of medications to dilate the bronchi should only be done under the supervision of a physician. In some cases, significant deterioration in respiratory function was observed due to incorrectly selected doses.

Treatment of bacterial bronchitis

In addition to the drugs described, antibacterial agents are used to treat viral bronchitis. Patients are prescribed antibiotics if purulent sputum is produced. Macrolides are most effective for treating bronchitis. Examples of drugs: erythromycin, spiramycin.

The duration of treatment with antibiotics, as a rule, is 5-7 days; they must be taken, observing the frequency of dosing. It is advisable to conduct a sputum analysis to select a particular antibiotic individually for each patient, this will help cure the disease faster. If no effect is observed, the drug should be replaced.

It is not recommended to use antibacterial drugs for a long time, as this can cause dysbiosis and other pathological conditions caused by opportunistic microflora. Also, you should not use antibiotics on your own without the supervision of a specialist. This may lead to the development of bacterial resistance, making further treatment difficult.

Complications of antibiotic therapy

Allergy

This complication usually manifests itself as a rash and redness of the skin. In rare cases, anaphylactic shock or Quincke's edema may develop. To prevent such complications, a careful history taking is recommended.

If allergies occur, suprastin is prescribed - peros or in the form of injections. Other anti-allergenic drugs are also possible. In severe cases, resuscitation measures may be required.

Dysbacteriosis

Broad-spectrum antibiotics have a detrimental effect not only on pathogenic microflora, but also on beneficial bacteria.

Dysbacteriosis manifests itself as indigestion. Flatulence and diarrhea are characteristic, in addition, the absorption of amino acids and vitamins in the intestine is impaired.

For prevention, Acipol, Bifiform or Linex are prescribed.

General intoxication

The reason for this phenomenon is the massive death of bacteria, as a result of which the amount of toxins in the blood increases. After antibiotic therapy, weakening of the immune system is often observed, therefore, the risk of recurrent disease is high.

Toxic effect

Antibiotics of the cephalosporin group have a negative effect on the kidneys, that is, they have nephrotoxicity. Tetracyclines are irritating to the gastrointestinal tract and liver, and can also accumulate in tooth enamel and bone tissue.

Aminoglycosides also have nephrotoxicity. Most antibiotics are contraindicated during pregnancy, as they can lead to severe pathologies of the fetus.

Building resilience

Bacterial resistance usually develops with uncontrolled self-administration of drugs. Bacteria become resistant to the antibiotic by mutating and producing enzymes that destroy the drug.

Effective methods for treating acute bronchitis in adults

Based on the diagnostic results, individual characteristics of the course of the disease and depending on the severity of the disease, treatment methods for bronchitis are determined:

1. Medication. Medical therapy with drugs without surgery.
2. Non-drug therapy: traditional medicine, inhalation, expectorant preparations.

Most often, treatment of acute bronchitis in adults with medications is complex. You should not choose pills for yourself. If you choose the wrong medicine, you can trigger the disease and encounter side effects and not take into account the specifics of contraindications. Only a qualified specialist will be able to select effective medications based on your individual characteristics. Do not forget that medication therapy for cellular bronchitis in adults is prescribed in the presence of severe clinical symptoms.

Treatment with antibacterial medications

Modern practical medicine has greatly advanced with the advent of antibacterial medications based on synthetic substances. Antibiotics related to the treatment of acute bronchitis were among the first, since most of them are penicillin derivatives. List of drugs from a number of its derivatives:

1. Flemoclav SOLUTAB. These are tablets available in various quantities. The action of one is designed for 8 hours. It is based on amoxicillin, a drug from a British pharmaceutical company. It is considered one of the safest broad-spectrum antibiotics. It has gained particular popularity in pediatrics for the treatment of bronchitis. The composition also includes chemicals that promote rapid absorption of flemoklav in the body. In most cases, even for adults, it comes with a pleasant citrus taste. Tablets are prescribed for mild bronchitis and its severe forms.
2. Augmentin. Available in the form of tablets and injections. The medicine is considered more advanced than Flemoklav SOLUTAB. The appearance of this drug is associated with the rapid increase in bacterial resistance to certain penicillin derivatives. Augmentin contains clavulanic acid, which can integrate into the structure of the virus by direct attack and destroy it from the inside.

This group of antibiotics successfully copes with the destruction of the walls of viral bacteria without affecting healthy cells. This is very important, since it does not harm the entire human body. The only negative is allergic reactions.

Another group of medications includes macrolides, which are among the least toxic antibiotics. They are aimed at disrupting protein synthesis in bacterial cells. Macrolides act on most pathogens that multiply in the organs of the human respiratory system. Preparations based on them are available in the form of capsules, tablets, suspensions and injections, such as:

1. Macropen is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, the active component of which is midecamycin. Release form: tablets and suspensions. The drug has proven itself to be effective in suppressing protein synthesis. The main advantage of this medication is its ability to interact with most antipyretics for bronchitis. Even at high body temperatures, bacteria are destroyed at the cellular level and are easily removed from the body, preserving the intestinal microflora.
2. Fromilid (known in Europe as clarithromycin). The peculiarity of this drug is that it destroys bacteria during bronchitis during the phase of their growth in the bronchi. Its injections have the most effective effect, but it is important to correctly prescribe the course and select the optimal dosage of the medicine for bronchitis. Various pharmaceutical companies produce this medicine in various forms, including for children. The downside of Fromilid is its list of side effects. It is recommended to accompany the medication with plenty of fluids.
3. Azithromycin. Available in the form of capsules and tablets. The main distinguishing feature is that the medicine acts for 24 hours and does not require constant use even in severe cases of bronchitis. Contraindicated for use in people with chronic liver and kidney diseases. After use, it is recommended to undergo a preventive course of restoration of the microflora of the stomach and intestines.

There are other antibiotics, the action of which is aimed at blocking the growth and reproduction of the virus by disrupting the production of protein in bacterial cells, but all of them, one way or another, are derived from the above synthetic substances. You can ask the pharmacist at the pharmacy for analogues of these drugs or search the Internet to find a more optimal price. With the latter option, you only need network access and a laptop or computer. By the way, if your computer equipment malfunctions, you should not wait until the last minute, but contact the service, for example, by clicking on the link https://comp-master.kiev.ua, you can order a master at home.

Treatment with cephalosporin medications

Most antibiotics are designed for specific types of bacteria that cause inflammatory processes in organs, but there are also resistant strains of the virus that cannot be destroyed. In such situations, doctors prescribe treatment for bronchitis based on cephalosporins, which are considered new generation antibiotics. Their distinctive feature is the presence of natural medicines in their composition. The active components of this group are capable of penetrating the RNA structure of any harmful cell seeking to reproduce and grow. The main active medications for bronchitis include:

1. Suprax. Available for adults in the form of capsules and suspensions. Refers to third generation antibiotics with a wide spectrum of action. The active component of this semi-synthetic antibiotic is cefixime. A significant advantage of this drug is its rapid effect on bronchitis, which occurs already on the third day after administration. The medicine is contraindicated for people with chronic diseases of the genitourinary system.
2. Cefazolin. Available in the form of injections, both intramuscular and intravenous. The most common drug recommended by doctors for acute bronchitis. This drug penetrates into all organs of an adult and is eliminated from them within 24 hours. Cefazolin has a record low toxic effect on the body. The downside of the drug is that it cannot be used for a long time, since bacterial cells will eventually become resistant to the main active components of the antibiotic. Side effects are usually limited to mild gastrointestinal disturbances.

Treatment with respiratory medications

Medicines in this group differ from all the above-mentioned medicines in that they are easily absorbed during bronchitis and have a high content of components of biological origin. This allows these antibiotics to successfully compete with completely synthetic ones.

The main group is represented by respiratory fluoroquinolones, which effectively determine the activity of common infectious agents in the lower parts of the respiratory system. Their action is aimed at the breeding ground of certain types of bacteria that cause severe forms of cellular bronchitis in adults. The following medications are available:

1. Sparfloxacin.
2. Levofloxacin.
3. Moxifloxacin.

The action of each medicinal substance is aimed at destroying the DNA of a harmful cell by destroying the gene responsible for reproduction. The peculiarity of this type of medicine is its availability and the possibility of use by elderly people.

It is important to note that drugs in this group do not kill bacteria completely, since our body needs a minimum amount of them. This allows the adult immune system to produce antibodies to control bacteria and increases the resistance of our body and its defense systems to future resistance to viral infections.

In conclusion, it is worth noting that expectorants, available in the form of inhalers, sprays, syrups and herbal preparations, are effective in treating mild forms of acute bronchitis in adults. Their medicinal effect is a set of additional measures for the prevention of diseases such as bronchitis. Traditional medicine also successfully copes with the prevention of therapy for cellular bronchitis.

Treatment of fungal bronchitis

The basis of therapy for this type of bronchitis is taking antifungal drugs.

Etiotropic therapy in this case will give an effective and quick result.

Examples of drugs: Amphoglucamine, Nizoral, Actinolysate.

Contraindications for Actinolysate:

• allergic reaction;
• oncology.

Side effects:

• hyperemia at the injection site - administration in the form of injections;
• allergy.

The drug can be combined with antibacterial agents if a bacterial infection has been added to the fungal infection. However, it should be borne in mind that this drug is not compatible with immunosuppressive drugs.

Actinolysate is used intramuscularly, giving injections 2 times a week. For adults, a single dose is 3 ml; for children, it is selected individually based on body weight. As a rule, the course of treatment for bronchitis with this drug is 10-25 injections.

Contraindication for Nizoral is an allergic reaction. This drug is prescribed in tablets. For adults, the average daily dose is 200 mg, however, if there is no effect, you can double it. Taking the drug must be supervised by a specialist.

Antifungal drugs are combined with other medicinal methods. Expectorants are used to improve mucus discharge. Bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs may also be used. To speed up recovery, vitamins should be prescribed.

Treatment of allergic bronchitis

How to treat this option? Are brown groups used?

1. Antihistamines, the action of which is aimed at the main mediator of the allergic reaction - histamine. Such drugs have an effective antiallergic effect. Examples of drugs: suprastin, diazolin, tavegil.
2. Stimulating drugs such as metacil, sodium nucleinate, pentoxyl.
3. Physiotherapy - especially ultraviolet rays.
4. Inhalations using alkaline mineral water. This method has a beneficial effect on the condition of the mucous membrane and also helps restore the ionic balance.
5. Hardening and therapeutic exercises.

In addition, the main principle of treatment is to avoid contact with the allergen.

During the period of exacerbation, the following is additionally used:

• antipyretics, if there are complaints of high temperature (above 38 degrees);
• expectorants.

Contraindications for Suprastin, Diazolin and Tavegil:

• hypersensitivity to the drug or its components;
• pregnancy and breastfeeding;
• reception for newborns.

Side effects:

• drowsiness and fatigue;
• headache;
• tremor;
• nausea and vomiting;
• diarrhea;
• xerostomia;
• hypotension and tachycardia.

Signs of chronic bronchitis

If a person has chronic bronchitis, identifying the symptoms and treatment in adults will help get rid of the exacerbation as quickly as possible. The main symptom of the disease is cough. This is a reflex that protects the respiratory organs from pathological microorganisms.

During an exacerbation, the cough will definitely be dry; it tires and exhausts the person, since coughing attacks prevent the person from concentrating on his business. Dry cough occurs due to too viscous sputum. It is thick, the cilia of the epithelium cannot cope with it, and the natural process of removing pathological mucus does not occur. In such cases, it is necessary to help the body with thinning drugs. Under the influence of the drugs, after 3-5 days you can hear a wet cough - the sputum has become such a consistency that it can be removed.

Another basic bronchopulmonary symptom is shortness of breath. Often in the chronic course of the disease, during exacerbation, the inflammatory process leads to bronchospasm and obstruction. Outwardly, this manifests itself as shortness of breath and difficulty breathing. You can read about this condition in our article https://medboli.ru/rekomendatsii-pri-bronhite/bronhospazm-prichiny-simptomy-osnovnye-printsipy-lecheniya-i-profilaktiki.html

In the first days of the development of an exacerbation of the disease, signs of general intoxication may appear: low-grade fever, increased sweating, which is replaced by chills, weakness. It is difficult for a person to do anything, since the body is configured to fight inflammation, and not to ensure vital functions.

During the acute phase of the disease, you need to monitor the nature of sputum production and its color. There may be blood clots in it, and the person may also cough up blood. There is a fine line between showing symptoms of chronic bronchitis and bleeding in the lungs. If a lot of blood is released along with sputum (up to 100 mg), then this is already bleeding.

The patient’s condition can be complemented by nausea, lack of appetite, pain in the head, slowing down of a person’s actions - he can no longer be active as before.

All symptoms appear during the acute period of a chronic disease. But sometimes it drags on for up to 2-3 months. In this case, the disease becomes protracted.

Combination drugs for bronchitis

Bronholitin

The product not only provides an antitussive effect, but also has a bronchodilator effect. Available in the form of syrup. The drug contains Glaucine hydrobromide, which has a depressant effect on the cough center, suppressing the cough reflex.

A special feature is the minimal risk of side effects - the syrup does not cause depression of respiratory function, and also does not contribute to the development of addiction. Another component, ephedrine, dilates the bronchi.

It has a stimulating effect on the respiratory system. In addition, ephedrine has a vasoconstrictor effect, thereby reducing swelling of the bronchial wall.

Contraindications:

• cardiac ischemia;
• thyrotoxicosis;
• pregnancy in the first trimester;
• breast-feeding;
• allergy;
• arterial hypertension of various etiologies;
• glaucoma;
• pheochromocytoma.

For ease of dosage, a measuring spoon is included. Adults are usually prescribed two spoons, and children one - 3-4 times a day.

Side effect:

• tachycardia;
• hypertension;
• urinary retention;
• nausea and vomiting;
• dizziness and sleep disturbance.

The risk of these effects is minimal.

Inspiron

The drug has a good anti-inflammatory effect, which is achieved by reducing the activity of phosphodiesterase A2, as well as inhibiting the synthesis of pro-inflammatory substances.

In addition, the drug prevents the narrowing of the bronchi. Prescribed in the form of syrup or tablets. The product helps treat even severe forms.

Side effects:

• allergic reaction;
• nausea and vomiting;
• tachycardia;
• weakness and drowsiness.

Contraindications:

• allergy;
• intolerance to fructose, sucrose and galactose.

It is also not recommended to use this drug during pregnancy and lactation.

Medicines against wet cough

Bromhexine

Bromhexine in tablet form

The drug is available in the form of tablets, dragees and syrup. Refers to medications for quickly removing mucus and creating an expectorant effect. Bromhexine should be taken three times a day after meals. The dosage is selected taking into account the severity of the disease and can be 8-16 mg of the active ingredient, which is equal to 2-3 tablespoons of syrup. For treatment, you can choose any form of medication, but liquid has a faster effect. Therapy can continue for 7-10 days.

ACC tablets

Release form of the drug ACC

Available in several forms from powder to effervescent tablets. The most popular is the effervescent form, which ensures rapid absorption and removal of mucus from the respiratory tract. ACC is taken immediately after meals. To do this, you need to dissolve one fizzy drink in 50 ml of water and immediately drink the drug. In some cases, it is allowed to leave the solution for 2 hours; after this time, you cannot drink it. ACC is taken once a day, therapy continues for 7-14 days.

Ambrosan

The medicine is produced in the form of tablets, which have a good mucaltin effect. The dosage for bronchitis is selected taking into account the degree of the disease, as well as its type. Typically, the daily dose of the drug is 90 mg, divided into three uses. In case of complications and severe cough, it is allowed to double the daily dose, which must also be divided into three doses. Drink Ambrosan after meals. Therapy continues for one to two weeks.

Fluimucil

It is also available in the form of effervescent tablets, which are taken once a day. One pop should be dissolved in 50-100 ml of warm or filtered water. As soon as the tablet is completely dissolved, you should immediately drink the medicinal solution. To enhance the mucolytic effect, you can drink more water. The duration of therapy lasts at least one week.

Flavamed tablets

The drug Flavamed is able to remove even difficult to separate sputum

The medication is able to remove even difficult to separate sputum, which causes severe coughing and shortness of breath. Flavamed should be drunk immediately after meals, and there is a specific scheme for using the drug. It involves the use of 1 tablet in the first three days three times a day. After this, you need to take 0.5-1 tablet of the medication twice a day. The exact duration of the course is selected individually.

Attention! In some cases, it is necessary to prescribe medications with a universal effect to suppress attacks of bronchitis, when at the initial stage of bronchitis patients experience a severe dry cough.

The effectiveness of treating bronchitis

The criterion for effectiveness is an improvement in the patient’s condition, which is expressed by a decrease in the intensity of symptoms of the disease.

In addition, bronchoscopy is mandatory, which will allow one to analyze the dynamics of restoration of bronchial patency. It is recommended to conduct such a study once a week.

If a positive result is not observed, the treatment plan should be reconsidered and other drugs should be selected.

The result of adequate treatment is an increase in the duration of remission, that is, a decrease in the frequency of exacerbations, as well as a decrease in the manifestation of respiratory failure. An exacerbation usually takes about 2 weeks to heal.

Prevention of complications in the treatment of bronchitis

1. The drug is prescribed only in therapeutic doses. Often increasing the dosage leads to increased side effects of drugs and toxic effects.
2. Treatment under the supervision of the attending physician. You should not prescribe any medications yourself. This can not only reduce the effect of treatment, but also lead to the development of a number of complications. This is especially true when taking antibiotics.
3. If an allergic reaction is detected, the drug should be replaced immediately. The same applies to severe side effects.
4. If treatment does not work, you should also think about changing the drug and reviewing the treatment plan.
5. Compliance with the frequency of dosing - especially when prescribing antibiotics.

Why is it necessary to promptly treat bronchitis?

Both acute and chronic bronchitis require not only timely but also correct therapy.

Inadequate treatment of bronchitis in adults often causes severe complications that complicate the treatment of the underlying disease and also aggravate the patient's condition.

Some pathologies that are a complication of bronchitis shorten life expectancy.

Therapy for illness

To recover, the patient will have to put in quite a lot of effort. To begin with, during an exacerbation, you should find out which factor led to the disease reappearing. Further treatment depends on this.

With an allergic component

Bronchitis should be treated correctly and thoughtfully. Allergic exacerbations in adults occur extremely rarely, except in situations where a person is prone to allergies and has a hereditary predisposition to allergic reactions to a certain irritant.

Antiallergic antihistamines are used for treatment: Eden, Cetrin, Suprastin and others. Along with this, the main symptom – cough and the second symptom – suffocation and shortness of breath are treated. Treatment for suffocation and shortness of breath begins as soon as the condition worsens.

During infectious exacerbation

If an exacerbation is caused by an infection, and the temperature rises, then drugs that act on the causative agents of inflammation are prescribed. Adults are prescribed an antiviral medicine and an antibiotic. For obstruction of chronic bronchitis, the use of an antibiotic is mandatory.

Among the antiviral drugs used are drugs for adults on interferon, Nozivin, Remantadine - used for severe symptoms of general intoxication of the body. Many of the antiviral drugs have certain side effects and contraindications that should be taken into account when deciding to use this drug.

Among the antibiotics for chronic bronchitis, cephalosporins are often used. The least toxic antibacterial drugs to the body are macrolide-based drugs. They are made from natural components (Erythromycin) and semi-synthetic ones. For diseases of the intestines and stomach, in addition to chronic bronchitis, therapists often prescribe them. But the appropriateness of using specific antibiotics is determined by the doctor; he knows in what case and for how long to prescribe them.

Along with the use of drugs that act on the infectious cause of exacerbation of the disease, mucolytics and bronchodilators are used for obstruction.

Cough treatment

For thick and highly viscous sputum, mucolytics are prescribed to help thin it. Some drugs combine mucolytic and expectorant effects. After liquefying the sputum, it moves well through the ciliated epithelium, which facilitates its release from the respiratory system.

In the treatment of chronic bronchitis, cough medications that act on the cough center are practically not used. The only exception is their use during the first 2 days of an exacerbation, when a person is plagued by an exhausting dry cough. Then you can use a one-time antitussive drug at night. It is important to remember that its use should not be combined with the action of mucolytics. Physiologically, the following phenomenon will occur: mucolytics stimulate increased mucus production, and antitussives suppress the protective reflex for its removal. Mucus accumulates in the bronchial lumens and cannot get out, resulting in blockage of the small bronchi - a very dangerous and difficult to treat condition.

Well-known effective mucolytics are products based on Ambroxol and Acetylcysteine. These are synthetic substances. A mucolytic substance of plant origin is marshmallow root; many thinning medicines are also produced on its basis.

Treatment of obstruction

With exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, obstructive syndrome may occur. If the bronchi are narrowed and there is difficulty in inhaling and exhaling, you should immediately take bronchodilator drugs. These are medical products based on salbutamil, berodual. They are most effective when used as an inhalation treatment.

Glucocorticosteroid drugs are used together with these drugs in severe cases. Hormonal medications also help relieve bronchospasm and improve breathing in a short period of time.

The main consequences and complications of bronchitis

1. Pneumonia, which is characterized by damage to the lung parenchyma. As the working surface of the lung decreases, respiratory failure may develop. Foci of damage to lung tissue are often replaced with improper treatment by connective tissue, which does not perform the function of gas exchange.
2. Heart failure, which leads to respiratory failure. Its consequence is insufficient oxygen supply, and, consequently, the development of tissue hypoxia. As a result, the myocardium is weakened. Failure of the heart also leads to other serious pathologies of organs.
3. Bronchiectasis, that is, changes in the bronchi that are irreversible. These structures expand and the walls are susceptible to damage.
4. Bronchial asthma. Allergic bronchitis leads to this complication. In this condition, the mucous membrane is swollen, and patients are bothered by periodic bronchospasms. The main symptom is shortness of breath, which is combined with cough.
5. Bronchoobstruction occurs due to narrowing of the bronchi. As a result of free inhalation, but difficult exhalation, air begins to accumulate in the lungs, which leads to an increase in pressure.
6. Emphysema, which follows from a previous complication. Air accumulates and the alveoli expand. All this is accompanied by loss of elasticity. The result is stretching and damage to the alveoli, as well as the formation of spaces filled with air. Over time, they can be replaced by connective tissue. As a result of this severe consequence, the function of the respiratory system decreases with the development of respiratory failure.
7. Diffuse pneumosclerosis, which is a consequence of pneumonia and emphysema. This terrible complication occurs very rarely and only in the absence of treatment. Due to the proliferation of connective tissue, the lungs become deformed. In this case, the delivery of oxygen to the organs is difficult.
8. Pulmonary heart. With increasing pressure in the pulmonary circle, a high load begins to fall on the right atrium, and then on the right ventricle. Due to overload, right-sided heart failure develops.

Indications for hospitalization for bronchitis

In some cases, the treatment of bronchitis should be taken more seriously, resorting to hospitalization.

1. In the case when outpatient treatment does not give the desired result.
2. Progression of symptoms despite treatment.
3. Severe shortness of breath, which especially bothers the patient at night.
4. Progressive hypercapnia.
5. Living conditions that cannot provide adequate treatment and the impossibility of providing assistance to the patient.
6. Concomitant diseases that may complicate treatment or cause an unfavorable outcome.
7. Mental disorders.
8. The development of a complication such as cor pulmonale.

There are also conditions that require intensive care.

This is necessary in the presence of shortness of breath, which is not relieved in the conditions of the therapeutic department, rapidly progressing hypoxia and hypercapnia, the need for artificial ventilation, and confusion.

Non-drug treatments for bronchitis

These methods help improve mucus removal.

They must be carried out against the background of drinking plenty of fluids and taking expectorant medications.

1. Positional drainage. This term refers to the removal of phlegm using forced exhalation. It is carried out in the most comfortable position for expectoration.
2. Manual therapy that helps relax the respiratory muscles.

Inhalations for bronchitis

Bronchitis can be treated with inhalations. The most common and simple method is steam inhalation, which can easily be done at home.

The drug is delivered to the bronchi using hot steam, thereby achieving maximum anti-inflammatory effect. The method helps improve sputum separation and stimulates trophism.

Most often, herbal infusions are used for steam inhalation. It is recommended to conduct several sessions per day, and each of them should not exceed 5-10 minutes. Examples of herbs: sage, oregano, mint, coltsfoot, which are combined. An absolute contraindication is the presence of allergies.

Another option is oil inhalation. This method provides not only an anti-inflammatory effect, but also a protective one, forming a thin film on the surface of the bronchial wall. Essential oils used for the procedure reduce swelling of the mucous membrane and improve blood circulation.

Basic oils such as peach, olive, and sea buckthorn are effective. For better effect, essential oils are added to them. The number and time of inhalations are the same as in the previous method.

Warm-moist inhalations using antibiotics, alkaline solutions, mineral water and other components have a good effect.

Another simple method of inhalation is dry. For example, inhaling garlic vapor is effective. In addition, it is recommended to drink about 2-3 liters of water per day.

Contraindications

An allergic reaction to any component completely precludes inhalation. Also, they should not be carried out in case of hypertension, a high tendency to bleeding, or insufficiency of the cardiac and respiratory systems.

Atherosclerosis and pathologies of cerebral circulation also do not allow such a procedure. In any case, before inhalation, it is better to consult a specialist, which will eliminate the risk of adverse side effects.

Treatment for exacerbations

The course of treatment with Tetracycline tablets usually lasts 1-2 weeks.
In adults, this disease is usually milder than in children. Therefore, apart from special cases, it is quite possible to cure it even at home. But this does not mean that you should choose therapeutic methods for yourself. An effective treatment course is quite complex and sometimes includes a whole range of measures. Therefore, only a specialist should develop it. In this case, the following factors need to be taken into account:

• the nature of bronchial inflammation and the disorders caused by it;
• severity of chronic bronchitis;
• associated complications;
• individual characteristics of the patient.

Antibiotics

In case of exacerbation of a purulent nature and complications in the form of acute pneumonia, antibacterial drugs are prescribed. The course of treatment usually lasts 1 - 2 weeks. At the same time, they are trying to achieve a change in sputum from purulent to mucous, as well as a weakening or complete elimination of bronchial inflammation. To choose the right medicine, it is assessed according to the following criteria:

• sensitivity of the infectious agent to the drug;
• its penetrating ability into mucosal tissues, secretory glands and the main functional elements of the lungs;
• the ability of the antibiotic to saturate the affected cells (relevant for inflammation caused by intracellular parasites);
• microbial spectrum of the pathogen.

The most commonly used drugs are Tetracycline, Ampicillin, and Levomycetin. As soon as there is a clear decrease in inflammatory activity, antibacterial therapy is stopped.

If the inflammatory process is strong enough, such a course of treatment may be delayed. Sometimes this leads to the development of a fungal infection. Nowadays, there are many antifungal agents that can effectively neutralize it.

Expectorants

Bromhexine helps clear the bronchi from accumulated sputum.
After taking antibiotics, you should clear the bronchi from accumulated phlegm. For this, expectorants are prescribed, such as Bromhexine, Trypsin, Rinatiol, Bisolvon and others. If the patient is being treated at home, inhalation is a fairly effective and convenient method for quickly thinning sputum:

• bicarbonate of soda, 3% solution;
• sodium chloride, 3-4% solution;
• synthetic prostaglandin.

Antihistamines

Such medications are usually used for the obstructive form of chronic bronchitis. Most often these are Diazolin, Suprastin and others. Although in most cases they show good results, it is nevertheless necessary to consult a specialist before taking them.

Bronchodilators and glucocorticoids

These drugs expand the lumens of the bronchial tree, thereby improving air permeability. Glucocorticoids also suppress inflammation and reduce mucus production. Naturally, such drugs are prescribed only if other drugs are ineffective. Most of them are produced in the form of pocket inhalers, which significantly speeds up the relief of symptoms, makes them easier to use and causes less harm to the body.

The following groups of these drugs are distinguished:

• "Euphylline", "Theophylline" - relax the bronchial muscles;
• “Ipratropium bromide”, “Tiopropium bromide” - block M-cholinergic receptors in parasympathetic nerve endings;
• "Salbutamol", "Fenoterol" - strong bronchodilators;
• "Fluticasone" - relieves inflammation well and reduces sputum formation;
• "Berodual", "Symbicort" are medications with combined action.

Additional Methods

In combination with drug treatment, the following methods are recommended:

• physiotherapy is effective against non-obstructive chronic bronchitis;
• physical therapy – accelerates the recovery process, is contraindicated in the obstructive form of the disease;
• taking vitamins - this especially applies to groups A, B and C.

Prognosis for bronchitis

Timely treatment of the acute variant gives quick and effective results, otherwise chronicity is possible. The course of a chronic disease also directly depends on the treatment provided, giving up bad habits, drinking plenty of fluids and timely treatment of infectious exacerbations.

For example, smoking, lack of protection from irritating factors, frequent hypothermia lead to frequent exacerbations and increase the risk of developing the consequences described above.

Aloe juice therapy

You can treat the inflammatory process in the bronchi using aloe juice. Many people know about the healing properties of this plant, which is found in almost every home. Aloe juice has:

• Astringent properties
• Anti-inflammatory effect
• Regenerative quality
• Bactericidal effect.

For therapy I use the juice of a plant that is more than 3 years old. It is this aloe that has all of the above beneficial properties.

Aloe juice in combination with a few tablespoons of honey or a decoction of this plant helps improve the condition. The decoction is prepared as follows. One large leaf is crushed and filled with water in an amount of no more than 100 grams. Next, let it sit for a while - about 15 minutes, so that the plant juice mixes with water, and put it on low heat. Boil for 2 hours. Cool to 40 degrees and add 1 tbsp of honey. l. three times a day. This aloe treatment can also be combined with infusions of the coltsfoot herb. Together they enhance each other's effect.

As you can see, traditional medicine is rich in recipes that help quickly and effectively cope with the manifestations of bronchitis of any etiology. Timely initiation of therapy and the correct approach to choosing a treatment method are important in treatment.