Hemostatic ointment for the nose

Bleeding from the nose: possible causes

Not all people experience nosebleeds. In fact, there are many reasons for nosebleeds, but the main one is considered to be the weakness and fragility of the nasal vessels themselves - the source of blood. In this case, you can provoke bleeding by simply blowing your nose too much or scratching your nose unsuccessfully. In such a situation, it is better for a person to take medications (as prescribed by a doctor, of course) that strengthen the walls of blood vessels.

But in many cases, the causes of bleeding may be other. They can be called, for example:

Great stress, both physical and emotional.
Trauma, deviated septum.
Prolonged exposure to frost or sun (sunstroke).
Very dry air.
Diseases (rhinitis, sinusitis, sinusitis).
Allergic reaction to nasal sprays.
Significant increase in pressure.
A sharp drop in pressure when flying or diving to depth.
Diseases of the heart, blood and liver.
Lack of calcium and vitamin C.

Causes of nosebleeds

Nosebleeds in children and adolescents are quite common. This is largely due to the fact that the child’s body has not yet fully formed and reacts sharply to external or internal stimuli. In adolescence, such attacks can be caused by hormonal changes.

In general, all etiological factors of such attacks are divided into three groups:

physiological;
psychological;
caused by internal pathological processes.

Physical causes of nosebleeds include the following:

damage to the nasal mucosa due to mechanical stress, for example, when cleaning;
injuries;
intense nose blowing during a runny nose or allergic reaction;
sunstroke, overheating.

Causes of nosebleeds

As for the psychological reasons for the manifestation of such an attack, it is necessary to highlight factors such as:

nervous tension;
stress;
positive and negative emotions of an overly expressed nature.

The pathological etiology of this symptom includes the following factors:

arterial hypertension;
hypertensive crisis;
diseases of the cardiovascular system;
liver diseases;
kidney diseases;
benign or malignant tumors in the body.

Separately, it should be said about nosebleeds in an adult after an injury.

Of particular danger are:

traumatic brain injuries;
blows to the face area, especially to the nose and eye area;
blows to the abdominal area.

In such cases, it is necessary to provide first aid to the victim, and at the same time call an ambulance.

How to stop nosebleeds at home: first aid

Nosebleeds are by no means the most pleasant occurrence, which can take you by surprise wherever you are - in the subway, in a store, on the street, at a party, at work or at home. At such moments, the bleeding needs to be stopped quickly, so it is very important to know the nuances of first aid.

The first thing to remember is that you can’t throw your head back. And this is exactly what everyone basically does when they have a nosebleed. Throwing your head back during bleeding risks blood entering the respiratory tract and stomach, which in turn will cause vomiting and will only worsen an already serious condition.

There are several ways to stop nosebleeds at home.

Method 1: Blow your nose well

This should be done only in cases where there is a foreign object in the nose and it is for this reason that the bleeding began. You should not blow your nose too much, so as not to provoke even more bleeding. This way you will completely clear the passage from the stuck object and will be able to carry out further manipulations, namely: sit down, leaning your forehead against your knees, and pinch your nose with two fingers, pressing your wings to the partition for 7-10 minutes.

Method 2: Ice towel

Cold constricts blood vessels, so ice wrapped in a towel can help. If you don’t have ice, then take out what you have in the freezer, wrap it in a cloth and apply it to the wings of your nose. It is not recommended to place ice against the area of the maxillary sinuses; it is better to keep it on top of the nose or on the bridge of the nose. You need to keep the cold for no more than 7 minutes - this time is enough to cover the damage to small vessels.

You can also hold ice cubes in your mouth or eat something cold to cool down the body as a whole. Fresh air will help if you are in a stuffy or hot room.

Method 3: Cotton swab with peroxide

If the bleeding cannot be stopped using simpler methods, then you need to insert a cotton swab soaked in hydrogen peroxide (3%) into the nostrils. You need to keep it for at least 30 minutes. After the time has passed, the tampon must be carefully removed. To do this, you should moisten the outside of the tampon with peroxide so that it softens a little and does not provoke the release of a blood clot.

You need to remove the tampon smoothly, without jerking or sudden movements. If the bleeding has stopped, then in the next 30 minutes there is no need to bend over sharply and provoke a sudden flow of blood to the head. If the bleeding does not stop, you should seek medical help.

Method 4: massage and proper breathing

During nosebleeds, breathing should not be jerky or deep. A smooth and calm inhalation through the mouth will not support or intensify the hemorrhage, and will not push the blood in the opposite direction; on the contrary, it will allow it to come out with an exhalation that is as smooth as the inhalation.

Acupressure can help stop minor nosebleeds .

Deep pressure is applied to the symmetrical “Ying-Xiang” point, which is located at the beginning of the wings of the nose, closer to the lips. These pressures slow down bleeding and allow blood to plug the rupture.
Oddly enough, light tapping on the forehead can also help, as well as pressing on another “Shang-Xing” point, which you will find in the center of the head at a distance of three centimeters from the beginning of the hairline.
Rubbing the toes, light pinching, and rhythmic pressure can stimulate blood flow to the feet. Thus, the blood will rush to the limbs and the bleeding will gradually stop.

Agents for stopping bleeding in neurosurgery

Diathermocoagulation. The nurse prepares three types of diathermocoagulation tips for the operation: electric knife, electric needle, electric loop. You need to prepare 2 electric knives, 2-3 electric needles and 1-2 electric loops. The electric knife is designed for bloodless tissue dissection. With its help, a muscle can be dissected during craniotomy, the cerebral cortex for its subsequent spreading with spatulas, etc. The tip in the form of an electric needle is the most commonly used instrument and is used throughout the entire surgical intervention for coagulation of bleeding vessels. To do this, a bleeding vessel in the skin, on the surface of the brain or in the depths of a brain wound is grabbed with long “coagulation” tweezers, the tweezers are touched with an electric needle, the pedal is pressed, turning on the current, and the bleeding vessel is coagulated. In case of diffuse bleeding from the depths of a brain wound, when the bleeding vessel is not visible, it is necessary to use a suction tip, to which a current is applied by touching an electric needle. Thus, the suction tip plays a dual role - it drains the surgical wound and coagulates small vessels. It should be emphasized that diathermocoagulation is effective only in conditions of a dry surgical field. Therefore, the surgeon constantly works with suction and an electric needle.

An electric loop is used for bloodless cutting of the tumor stalk or choroid plexus. Before the operation, the nurse should check the proper operation of the diathermocoagulator, the reliability of the contacts, especially in the cage (plastic or ebonite), where the named tips in the form of a knife, needle or loop are inserted. When placing the patient on the operating table, the nurse must ensure that a passive electrode in the form of a wide lead plate wrapped in gauze moistened with isotonic sodium chloride solution is bandaged to the patient’s back or thigh. This is done by an anesthesiological nurse or nurse. The operating nurse has on the table sterile tips for diathermocoagulation, an ebonite clip (handle) and a wire. She puts a sterile cover on the clip and the wire and passes the end going to the diathermocoagulator to the nurse for connection. The pedal that turns on the current is located on the floor at the foot of the surgeon or assistant. In some neurosurgical institutions, the diathermocoagulation pedal is pressed by the operating room or anesthesiological nurse at the command of the surgeon.

It is very important to develop a clear system in which each participant in the operation knows their functions. The surgeon periodically gives the command: “Suction” or “Current”, which must be carried out immediately. To do this, it must be known before the operation who turns on the current and who turns on the suction. During the operation, the electric needle and electric knife, with frequent use, become covered with scale, which disrupts contact and prevents coagulation. The nurse periodically takes the electric knife or electric needle from the surgeon’s hands and carefully cleans off the scale with a scalpel and a napkin, wipes the knife and needle with a swab containing an isotonic sodium chloride solution, wipes it dry and returns it to the surgeon. Depending on the nature of the tissues to be coagulated, more or less current is required. The anesthesiological nurse or nurse, at the command of the surgeon, regulates the current strength using the knob on the diathermocoagulator. Only with reliable and uninterrupted operation of the vacuum suction and diathermocoagulator is it possible to quickly and effectively stop bleeding. Therefore, it is highly advisable to always have a spare suction and diathermocoagulator in the operating room.

Wax. Sterile beeswax is used in neurosurgical operations to stop bleeding from the bones of the skull. When making a hole, biting off a bone with pliers, or cutting with a Gigli saw, bleeding often occurs from the spongy substance of the bone. This bleeding is stopped by applying wax to the bleeding area of the bone. In addition, in case of traumatic injuries to the skull, when cracks occur on the arch or base, wax is smeared into the bleeding crack during surgery. Before the operation, the nurse prepares 12-15 sterile wax balls with a diameter of 0.5-0.8 cm. In addition, there is a jar of sterile wax on the operating table in case the specified number of balls is not enough. If bleeding occurs from the bone, the nurse gives the surgeon a ball of wax on a gauze pad. The surgeon uses a tampon to forcefully smear wax into the bleeding edge of the burr hole.

Clips. Clips made of biologically inactive metal are used to stop bleeding from the vessels of the brain both on its surface and in the depths of the surgical wound. There is a set consisting of a “magazine”, a kind of metal pencil case, closed with a narrow lid, the sockets of which contain 20 clips and clip holders. The sister is preparing 2 “magazines” with clips and 3-4 clip holders for the operation. If bleeding occurs, the nurse charges the clip holder with a clip, checks that the clip is not deformed and is in the correct position in the holder, and hands the charged instrument to the surgeon. Depending on the depth and nature of the brain wound, straight or curved, long or short clip holders are used.

Hydrogen peroxide. Gauze swabs or cotton strips (quilted pads) moistened with hydrogen peroxide are used to stop diffuse bleeding from small vessels, most often venous. Such bleeding is observed from the soft tissues of the head when cutting out a flap during trepanation, from the surface of the brain and in the depths of the brain wound. Before the operation, the sister prepares 30-40 gauze balls, 20-25 medium napkins and 20-25 quilted pads. A quilted pad is a rectangular strip of cotton wool, 10-12 cm long, 3 cm wide, 2-3 mm thick. A black thread with a knot at the end is sewn to one end of the padded jacket for ease of pulling the padded jacket out of a deep wound, as well as to control the number of padded pads inserted into the brain wound. During the operation, the nurse wets a gauze ball, a medium napkin or a padded pad in hydrogen peroxide, squeezes the tampon out a little and gives it to the surgeon, who applies it to the bleeding surface and, pressing moderately with his hand, waits 3-5 minutes. This is usually enough to stop bleeding from small vessels. If the bleeding surface is large, which is often observed during repeated operations on the skull with numerous scars, the nurse provides the surgeon with a medium napkin moistened with hydrogen peroxide and a dry napkin. The surgeon first places a damp cloth on the bleeding surface and a dry one on top. This tamponade accelerates hemostasis.

Ligation of vessels with silk is more often used when ligating vessels and sinuses (large venous collectors) of the dura mater. To ligate the arteries and veins of the dura mater, the nurse prepares 3-4 steep small needles with smooth (non-cutting) edges and thin silk. For sinus ligation, prepare a larger, steep needle with non-cutting edges and thicker silk. You also need 3-4 needle holders.

A hemostatic sponge is used to stop diffuse bleeding from small vessels, often deep in the brain wound. During the operation, the nurse gives the sister an open box containing a sterile hemostatic sponge. The sister takes the sponge out of the box, cuts off the required piece with scissors and gives it to the surgeon, who inserts the sponge into the depths of the brain wound and leaves it there.

How to stop nosebleeds with medications?

Only a doctor can prescribe treatment in the form of strengthening the walls of blood vessels. But you can use medications to stop bleeding.

Hydrogen peroxide - a swab is moistened and placed in the nasal passage.
Vasoconstrictor drops and sprays . You can try to put drops in your nose, but if the bleeding is severe, this will not bring the desired result. Therefore, it is better to moisten a tampon with this liquid and place it in the nasal passage, as is the case with peroxide: for example, Naphthyzin or Rinostop.
If blood comes from the nose due to increased blood pressure, then there is no point in fighting the bleeding. You need to either let the blood come out in sufficient quantities so that the pressure is restored and at the same time the blood stops too, or take special medications to lower the pressure . For example, Tenex or Gemiton. However, people who suffer from high blood pressure have long had the appropriate medicine in their medicine cabinet.
Hemostatic drugs can only be taken with the permission of a doctor when the cause of the bleeding is known. Indeed, in some cases it is better to let the blood come out in a small amount than to stop it, as is the case with high blood pressure. A popular drug with this effect is Dicinone.

Traditional methods of stopping nosebleeds

Nettle juice (freshly squeezed). Soak a small amount of rolled cotton wool in the juice, insert it into the nostril and press down for 5 minutes. During this time, the blood should have time to clot. If the blood continues to flow, then repeat what you did again.
Women's milk. If there is a baby in your house, then ask the nursing woman for some milk. Do the same steps as with nettle juice.
Cut a regular onion in half and separate. Place one part on the bridge of the nose with the cut to the skin, and place the second on the first cervical vertebra (the first hump from the back of the head). Keep for about 10 - 20 minutes.
Metal key. Hang an unnecessary metal key on a woolen thread of such size that the key lies centrally between the shoulder blades. Many claim that such an amulet can stop even severe bleeding.
For those who often suffer from constant nosebleeds, it is worth brewing yarrow, which has the amazing property of stopping the bleeding. You need to brew the infusion in a thermos: for 3 tablespoons of herbs, 3 cups of boiling water. You pour it in the evening, and in the morning you can take it: 1 glass before meals, repeat throughout the day, at lunchtime, and in the evening.

This recipe is contraindicated for people with thick blood and blood clots, as well as pregnant women!

Aloe is a wonderful healer for many diseases, and also helps with frequent nosebleeds. All you need is to eat a 2-2.5 cm piece of leaf in the morning on an empty stomach. You can add it with honey so that you don’t feel a specific taste.

How to quickly stop nosebleeds: a reliable method

To be sure to stop a nosebleed, you need to act quickly. First of all, there is no need to panic; in a calm state it is much easier to stop the bleeding.

You need fresh air.
Free access to oxygen - unbutton the neck of your clothes, free your chest so that you can breathe normally.
Tilt your head down and put a tissue to your nose, let the blood come out a little - your blood pressure may have risen.
If possible, apply something cold. If you are not at home, then buy a bottle of cold water and press it to the bridge of your nose.
Press the wings of your nose against the septum and breathe calmly through your mouth.

Only in combination with these manipulations can you quickly stop bleeding from the nose anywhere.

If the bleeding does not stop, call an ambulance and go to the hospital, it may be much more serious than you think!

How to stop bleeding?

First aid for nosebleeds

There are several ways to stop nosebleeds.

At home you can do the following:

instill a nasal vasoconstrictor;
apply ice or another cold object for 10–15 minutes;
insert cotton wool or bandage swabs previously soaked in hydrogen peroxide;
insert special hemostatic sponges.

If the cause of nosebleeds is polyps, surgery is performed to remove them. The method of cauterization of blood vessels can also be used.

If the etiological factor in the manifestation of such a symptom is a certain disease, then appropriate therapy is carried out.

Stopping nosebleeds: main mistakes

Many people, being in a state of shock or panic when blood appears from the nose, begin to make exactly the opposite movements to the intended ones.

What should you not do when your nose bleeds?

Throw your head back.
Blow your nose hard.
Plug your nose with dry cotton wool. Over time, it will become saturated with blood and dry out along with the clot. When you take it out, you will probably tear off the clot and the bleeding will resume.
Rub your nose.
Lie down in a horizontal position.

Bloody nose: when should you see a doctor?

You should definitely consult a doctor if your nose bleeds periodically or you cannot stop the bleeding.

Nosebleeds (epistaxis) can be anterior or posterior. The anterior one is easy to stop, and in theory there can be no complications, unless it is constantly repeated.

But it is almost impossible to stop posterior bleeding without a doctor! The burst vessel is located far inside and all your manipulations will be useless. Such bleeding is very dangerous and occurs extremely rarely. For example, in case of serious illness, during an accident, during a fall from a height, in a word, during a very powerful blow!

In such a situation, there is no point in sitting and waiting for the bleeding to stop on its own. Urgently go to the hospital, God forbid that this happens, but perhaps you will make every minute count!

Preventing nosebleeds

The main task of preventing nosebleeds is to eliminate the factors that can cause it.

Get outdoors regularly.
Make sure that the indoor air, both at work and at home, is not too dry.
If bleeding causes some kind of disorder in the body, treat the source of the problem.
If you are taking medications that affect blood thickness, then you must monitor your blood clotting rate.
Eliminate contact with toxic substances.

First aid for nosebleeds

To avoid large blood loss, it is necessary to quickly provide assistance to the injured person. It is important to calm him down so as not to provoke a deterioration in his health. In case of nosebleeds, the following algorithm of actions is necessary:

Place the victim in a comfortable position, preferably with support on his back.
Tilt your head slightly forward to prevent blood from entering your mouth and nasopharynx.
Provide access to fresh air - open a window.
Unfasten tight clothing, loosen the belt.

During bleeding and for another day after it, it is not recommended to blow your nose - this can cause a rupture of the vessel and worsen the condition. Further assistance should be provided in the following order:

Moisten a cotton swab 2.5 cm long and 1.5 cm in diameter with a hemostatic solution of hydrogen peroxide, calcium chloride or the vasoconstrictor Naphthyzin.
Insert it into the nostril.
Press your finger on the wing of your nose.
Apply cold on the back of the head and bridge of the nose for 20 minutes.
Remove the tampon no earlier than an hour later.
If blood gets into your mouth, you need to spit it out so as not to provoke vomiting.

Carrying out the correct measures to stop bleeding ensures the preservation of the health and life of the victim. There are a number of recommendations that must be followed when bleeding from the nose in a child or adult.

Measures to help with nosebleeds:

Place the victim in a sitting position.
Tilt the body slightly forward so that blood can flow freely from the nose. It is very important not to throw your head back! This is extremely dangerous due to blood entering the respiratory and digestive system.
Apply any cold to the forehead and bridge of the nose. This technique will narrow the blood vessels and stop the flow of blood faster.
Lightly press on the upper part of the wing of the nose on the side of the blood flow. Do not apply strong pressure, as this can further injure the vessels and nasopharynx.
For moderate to severe bleeding, place a cotton swab soaked in a solution of hydrogen peroxide or Chlorhexidine into the nostril. Hold it for at least 15 minutes, even if the blood flow has stopped.
If the cause is unknown and large volumes of blood are released, call emergency help. In such cases, the patient requires drug treatment in a hospital setting.

If the bleeding cannot be stopped within 30 minutes, as well as in situations where it intensifies, medical assistance to the victim is indicated.

For this purpose, the following areas of therapy are used:

Elimination of the cause and treatment of diseases that cause blood loss.
Stop bleeding with medications.

Medicines that help stop bleeding belong to the group of hemostatic drugs.

Hemostatic drugs for heavy nosebleeds come in several types, differing in their mechanism of action and the speed of onset of the therapeutic effect:

coagulants that have direct and indirect effects - Thrombin, fibrinogens (hemostatic sponge), which produce a strong effect. Vikasol has no effect on nosebleeds;
inhibitors of the fibrinolysis process - Aminocaproic acid, Ambien, Gordox and Contrical. It is important to know that such drugs are used only under the supervision of a doctor, since there is a high risk of developing thrombosis;
platelet stimulants - Serotonin adipate, which is effective only for nosebleeds caused by platelet dysfunction;
substances that normalize vascular permeability - etamsylate, dicinone, rutin.

These drugs are available in different forms:

solutions for injections;
pills;
local remedies - hemostatic sponges containing fibrin, in some cases Ambien.

To prevent bleeding from the nose, it is important to follow simple and effective recommendations:

promptly diagnose and treat pathologies accompanied by nosebleeds;
learn to recognize the first signs of beginning bleeding;
monitor blood pressure and avoid sudden increases;
monitor blood composition, including during long-term use of antiplatelet agents (for example, Aspirin);
humidify the air in the room;
control the air temperature in the rooms;
do not allow the body to overheat;
do not overuse visits to the sauna and steam baths, especially for people with vascular diseases;
take vitamin complexes containing rutin, vitamin K;
balance the diet, enriching it with vitamins, vegetable fats, microelements;
active lifestyle, regular sports;
eliminating stress.

Compliance with preventive measures, timely diagnosis of serious diseases, and knowledge of first aid measures will help you quickly cope with nosebleeds.